How to Check Linux Kernel Version from Command Line
Learn how to check Linux kernel version with tested uname, hostnamectl, procfs, journalctl, dmesg, boot image, dpkg, and apt commands, and understand the difference between the running kernel and installed kernel …
How to check thread count per process in Linux
Tested Linux commands to check thread count per process using proc task directories, proc status, ps NLWP/LWP, ps -T, top -H and pstree, plus system thread limits.
Linux Show Hidden Files with ls, find, and du
Tested Linux commands to show hidden files with ls, list only hidden files, find hidden files recursively, and check hidden file or directory size with du.
Install YARN on Linux and Windows
Step by Step instructions to install yarn on Linux and WIndows. Installation on Ubuntu (Debian based) and Rocky Linux (Red hat based) and Windows.
Create cron job or schedule jobs using bash scripts in Linux or Unix
How to update crond using a shell script? Schedule cron job using command line bash shell script in Linux? Create cron job using crontab shell script Unix
Fix: cpio premature end of archive, List (lsinitrd) & Extract initramfs in RHEL Linux
How to extract/unpack/uncompress the contents of the initramfs image on RHEL7 and RHEL8? How do I list initramfs image file content? How do I modify the contents of an initrd or initramfs? How do I view an initrd or …
Perform cURL POST Request
In this article we learned how to properly perform a curl POST request with practical examples
[SOLVED] pip command not found in Ubuntu
There are two different versions of pip which you can install to solve the error i.e. pip command not found in Ubuntu 20.04 Linux. Step by Step instructions to fix pip command not found error.
9 easy steps to create custom ISO RHEL/CentOS 8
To create custom ISO in RHEL/CentOS 8, create a kickstart file and modify the isolinux.cfg for boot menu. You can also minimze the package list and update repodata
How to clone or backup Linux partition using fsarchiver
Steps to backup partition in LInux, clone your partition or hard drive, logical volume using fsarchiver Exclude files and directories encrypt backup
Install XFCE Desktop on Ubuntu (Minimal, Full & Server Guide)
Learn how to install XFCE on Ubuntu using multiple methods including minimal XFCE installation, full Xubuntu desktop setup, and GUI installation on Ubuntu Server. This guide also explains how to switch desktop …
How to count files in directory in Linux? [SOLVED]
When managing files and directories in Linux operating systems, there may be a need to know how many files are in a given directory. For example:
How to create user in Linux?
If you have not integrated Linux servers into a central user authentication such as LDAP/Active Directory, you will have to create local users many times.
15 steps to setup Samba Active Directory DC CentOS 8
Step by Step tutorial to configure samba active directory domain controller in CentOS 8 Linux. Install Windows AD alternative in Linux. Free domain controller software in Linux
What is tar --strip-components & zip --junk-paths with examples in Linux
How to use tar --strip-components and zip --junk-paths with examples to strip absolute path in Linux and Unix. Force unzip / zip not to create a subdirectory
Kubernetes Operator with controller-runtime: Status, Finalizers, Webhooks, and Drift
Part 2 of 3: extend a DemoApp Operator SDK project with ConfigMap, Service, Deployment, status Conditions, finalizers, drift via Owns/Watches, mutating/validating webhooks, Events, and RBAC markers.
Go Kubernetes Operator SDK Tutorial: Build a Controller from Scratch
Part 1 of 3: scaffold a Go operator with Operator SDK (go/v4), CRDs from Kubebuilder markers, RBAC, idempotent Reconcile with CreateOrUpdate, owner references, and deploy to kind.
Server-Side Apply (SSA) in Kubernetes Operators
Server-Side Apply (SSA) is the modern way for operators to express ownership of fields in a Kubernetes object. Instead of doing a full Update with a stale copy of the object, the operator sends only the fields it cares …
Multi-Tenant Kubernetes Operator Patterns: Per-Namespace Leases and Listers
Multi-tenant operators come in three shapes: one operator serving all tenants (shared, simple, weakest isolation), one operator per tenant (isolated, expensive, strongest isolation), and the hybrid — one operator binary …
Operator Leader Election Explained: HA Operators with Lease Locks
A complete guide to running a multi-replica Kubernetes operator with leader election: how the lease-based lock works, the four manager options (`LeaderElection`, `LeaderElectionID`, `LeaderElectionResourceLock`, …
Operator Health and Readiness Probes: /healthz, /readyz, AddHealthzCheck
A practical guide to liveness and readiness probes for Kubernetes operators: what `/healthz` and `/readyz` should report, how to register custom checks with `mgr.AddHealthzCheck` and `mgr.AddReadyzCheck`, the difference …
Kubernetes Operator Watches, Events, and Predicates Explained
Learn how Kubernetes Operator watches, events, handlers, and predicates decide which changes trigger Reconcile, with Owns vs Watches examples.
Multi-Resource Reconciliation: Managing N Child Resources per CR
Most real operators do not manage one child — they manage five, ten, sometimes dozens of children per CR: a Deployment, a Service, two ConfigMaps, a HorizontalPodAutoscaler, a NetworkPolicy, a ServiceAccount, a …
Kubernetes Status Subresource and Conditions Explained (KEP-1623)
The status subresource is the API server endpoint controllers use to publish observed state without racing user edits on `.spec`. This guide explains why the split exists, the KEP-1623 Conditions standard (Ready / …
The Kubernetes Reconcile Loop Explained: From API Event to Reconcile()
Learn how the Kubernetes reconcile loop works from API watch to informer cache, workqueue, and Reconcile(). Covers level-triggered control, Result return paths, requeue behavior, idempotency, concurrency, and hot loop …
Kubernetes Operator Capability Levels I–V: The Operator Maturity Model
Red Hat's five operator capability levels - Basic Install, Seamless Upgrades, Full Lifecycle, Deep Insights, Auto Pilot - are the maturity scale used by OperatorHub and OLM. This guide explains what each level means, …
Kubernetes Operator Design Patterns: Singleton, Capability, Lifecycle, Auto-Pilot
Kubernetes Operators are not one shape - six distinct design patterns cover the entire range of production deployments: Singleton, Capability, Lifecycle, Auto-Pilot / Auto-Tune, Sidecar-Injecting, and GitOps-Controlled. …
Mutating and Validating Admission Webhooks in Operators
A complete guide to admission webhooks for Kubernetes operators: the difference between mutating and validating, the webhook lifecycle inside the API server, how kubebuilder scaffolds …
Kubernetes Finalizers: Two-Phase Deletion, Cleanup Patterns, and Stuck Objects
A Kubernetes finalizer is a string on `metadata.finalizers` that tells the API server to keep an object alive (with `deletionTimestamp` set) until your controller has finished cleanup and removed the string. This …
Helm-Based Operator vs Flux vs Argo CD: Which to Use
Three tools install Helm charts on a Kubernetes cluster: a Helm-based operator (per-CR Helm install), Flux's HelmRelease (HelmRelease CR + per-source reconciler), and Argo CD's Application (Application CR + sync engine). …

