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Linux Tutorials and Command Line Guides - Page 9

Learn Linux with step-by-step tutorials, command line examples, and system administration guides for Ubuntu, RHEL, CentOS, and more.

Welcome to the Linux tutorials section, your complete resource for mastering Linux commands and system administration.

This category covers everything from basic commands to advanced system-level operations across multiple distributions such as Ubuntu, RHEL, and CentOS.

Linux is the backbone of modern infrastructure, and understanding it is essential for DevOps, cloud computing, and system administration. You may also explore System Administration and Security for advanced topics.

Browse by distribution using the cards below — RHEL family (RHEL, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, CentOS, Fedora) and individual APT-based hubs (Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, Linux Mint) — then see featured articles and the full article list.

639 articles

Linux category illustration with terminal, commands, permissions, and troubleshooting features

All Linux articles

system-administration

Configure Multi-Supplier Replication in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server multi-supplier replication with two writable suppliers, bidirectional agreements, initialization, testing, and failover.

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

389 Directory Server Replication: Architecture, Roles, and Topology Design

Learn how 389 Directory Server replication works: supplier, consumer, and hub roles, replica ID, CSN, RUV, topology types, consistency limits, and how to choose single-supplier, multi-supplier, or cascading designs.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Configure Single-Supplier Replication in 389 Directory Server

Configure a writable 389 Directory Server supplier and read-only consumer with dsconf, then initialize, verify, and troubleshoot replication.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Migrate 389 Directory Server from Berkeley DB to LMDB

Migrate 389 Directory Server from Berkeley DB to LMDB with backend detection, dsctl dblib bdb2mdb, disk planning, validation, replicated rolling conversion, manual LDIF fallback, and recovery.

Deepak Prasad22 min read
system-administration

Migrate 389 Directory Server to a New Server

Migrate 389 Directory Server to a new host with replication or LDIF, including schema, TLS, validation, client cutover, and safe source removal.

Deepak Prasad37 min read
system-administration

Back Up and Restore 389 Directory Server

Back up and restore 389 Directory Server with dsconf backup create, dsctl db2bak, checksum verification, off-host copies, systemd automation, and isolated restore testing.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
system-administration

Migrate OpenLDAP to 389 Directory Server

Migrate OpenLDAP to 389 Directory Server with openldap_to_ds, LDIF preprocessing, schema and ACI mapping, validation, and cutover.

Deepak Prasad32 min read
system-administration

Benchmark 389 Directory Server Performance with ldclt and logconv

Benchmark 389 Directory Server searches, binds, and writes with reproducible LDIF data, ldclt workloads, dsconf metrics, and logconv access-log analysis.

Deepak Prasad30 min read
system-administration

Configure SASL GSSAPI and Kerberos Authentication in 389 Directory Server

Configure Kerberos service principals, keytabs, SASL identity mapping, and GSSAPI authentication in 389 Directory Server with kinit and ldapwhoami.

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

Configure TLS Versions and Cipher Suites in 389 Directory Server

Inspect and restrict TLS protocol versions and cipher suites in 389 Directory Server, test LDAPS and STARTTLS compatibility, and roll back safely.

Deepak Prasad18 min read
system-administration

Create a Custom Schema in 389 Directory Server

Create custom 389 Directory Server attributes and auxiliary object classes with dsconf, schema LDIF files, reload tasks, validation, and replication-safe deployment.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Configure Database Chaining in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server database links with dsconf chaining, proxy bind accounts, remote ACIs, LDAPS and StartTLS, failover settings, controls, monitoring, and troubleshooting.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Configure LDAP Threads and Connections in 389 Directory Server

Tune 389 Directory Server worker threads, listener threads, per-connection limits, idle timeouts, and file descriptors with dsconf and monitor output.

Deepak Prasad10 min read
system-administration

Configure LDAP Search Limits in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server size, time, look-through, paged, range, and ID-list limits with global and per-user overrides.

Deepak Prasad13 min read
system-administration

Configure Self-service Password and Profile ACIs in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server self-service ACIs with userdn ldap:///self for profile read and write, TLS-protected userPassword changes, selfwrite for opt-in group membership, and verification as the real bind user.

Deepak Prasad13 min read
system-administration

Tune LMDB, Entry Cache and DN Cache in 389 Directory Server

Tune 389 Directory Server LMDB map size, entry cache, DN cache, and normalized DN cache using dsconf backend config, monitor dbmon, and memory budgeting on MDB backends.

Deepak Prasad17 min read
system-administration

Configure Account Lockout in 389 Directory Server

Enable password-based account lockout in 389 Directory Server, set failure thresholds and unlock behaviour, inspect lockout attributes, test automatic unlock, recover locked accounts, and replicate lockout state.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
system-administration

Configure Global, Subtree and User Password Policies in 389 Directory Server

Configure global, subtree, and user password policies in 389 Directory Server with dsconf pwpolicy and localpwp, enforce complexity and expiration, test precedence, and manage temporary passwords.

Deepak Prasad22 min read
system-administration

Test ACI Permissions with Get Effective Rights in 389 Directory Server

Use Get Effective Rights in 389 Directory Server to test ACI permissions with ldapsearch, interpret entryLevelRights and attributeLevelRights, and verify results with real LDAP operations.

Deepak Prasad20 min read
system-administration

Restrict Anonymous Access in 389 Directory Server

Restrict 389 Directory Server anonymous LDAP access with nsslapd-allow-anonymous-access, narrow ldap:///anyone ACIs, disable unauthenticated empty-password binds, and verify root DSE, suffix, and public-attribute …

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Configure Macro ACIs in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server macro ACIs with ($dn), [$dn], and ($attr.attributeName) to reduce duplicate rules and enforce tenant isolation.

Deepak Prasad18 min read
system-administration

Configure Virtual List View Indexes in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server Virtual List View indexes with dsconf backend vlv-index, test server-side sorting and VLV controls with ldapsearch, and verify vlvUses and access-log usage.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
system-administration

Configure TLS, STARTTLS and LDAPS in 389 Directory Server

Enable LDAPS and STARTTLS in 389 Directory Server, import server and CA certificates, configure client trust, and verify TLS with ldapsearch and openssl.

Deepak Prasad17 min read
system-administration

Create Virtual Directory Views in 389 Directory Server

Create virtual directory tree views in 389 Directory Server with nsView and nsViewFilter, nested filters, LDAP search verification, indexing, limitations, and troubleshooting.

Deepak Prasad12 min read
system-administration

Manage Users and Groups in 389 Directory Server

Prepare ou=People and ou=Groups, create POSIX users and static groups with dsidm, set passwords, lock accounts, manage membership, verify LDAP attributes, and delete entries safely in 389 Directory Server.

Deepak Prasad14 min read
system-administration

Create a 389 Directory Server Instance with dscreate and an INF File

Generate a dscreate INF template, configure instance and backend settings, protect credentials, run dscreate from-file, and verify the new 389 Directory Server suffix.

Deepak Prasad12 min read
system-administration

Restore a Replicated 389 Directory Server Safely

Recover a failed 389 Directory Server supplier, hub, or consumer with safe restore, replica reinitialization, RUV checks, and replication validation.

Deepak Prasad22 min read
system-administration

Export and Import 389 Directory Server Data with LDIF

Export and import 389 Directory Server backend data with dsconf and dsctl LDIF tools, validate migration files, prepare the destination suffix, and verify users and groups after import.

Deepak Prasad18 min read
system-administration

Tune Large LDAP Groups and memberOf Performance in 389 Directory Server

Tune large LDAP groups in 389 Directory Server with safe membership indexes, scoped memberOf processing, fixup tasks, and repeatable benchmarks.

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

Configure Low Disk Space Protection in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server disk monitoring, thresholds, grace periods, read-only protection, safe testing, and low-space recovery.

Deepak Prasad20 min read