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Linux Tutorials and Command Line Guides - Page 10

Learn Linux with step-by-step tutorials, command line examples, and system administration guides for Ubuntu, RHEL, CentOS, and more.

Welcome to the Linux tutorials section, your complete resource for mastering Linux commands and system administration.

This category covers everything from basic commands to advanced system-level operations across multiple distributions such as Ubuntu, RHEL, and CentOS.

Linux is the backbone of modern infrastructure, and understanding it is essential for DevOps, cloud computing, and system administration. You may also explore System Administration and Security for advanced topics.

Browse by distribution using the cards below — RHEL family (RHEL, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, CentOS, Fedora) and individual APT-based hubs (Ubuntu, Debian, Kali Linux, Linux Mint) — then see featured articles and the full article list.

639 articles

Linux category illustration with terminal, commands, permissions, and troubleshooting features

All Linux articles

system-administration

Enforce Unique LDAP Attributes in 389 Directory Server

Configure 389 Directory Server Attribute Uniqueness with dsconf to reject duplicate mail, uid, and employeeNumber values across subtrees.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
system-administration

Configure 389 Directory Server Indexes for Faster LDAP Searches

Configure 389 Directory Server indexes with dsconf backend index, detect notes=A and notes=U unindexed searches, and reindex online or offline for faster LDAP filters.

Deepak Prasad14 min read
system-administration

Configure Managed Entries and Linked Attributes in 389 Directory Server

Configure Managed Entries to create companion LDAP entries and Linked Attributes to maintain reverse DN relationships in 389 Directory Server.

Deepak Prasad20 min read
system-administration

Assign Unique UID and GID Numbers with the 389 DS DNA Plugin

Configure the 389 Directory Server Distributed Numeric Assignment plug-in for automatic uidNumber and gidNumber allocation, magic regeneration values, separate or shared ranges, multi-supplier range transfer, monitoring, …

Deepak Prasad20 min read
system-administration

Automatically Add Users to Groups with 389 DS Auto Membership

Configure 389 Directory Server Auto Membership with regex rules, fallback groups, fixup cleanup, and dry-run testing for static group assignment.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
system-administration

Configure Referential Integrity in 389 Directory Server

Enable and configure the 389 Directory Server Referential Integrity plug-in to remove stale DN references after delete, update member and uniqueMember after rename or move, scope processing, index attributes, audit …

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

Configure the 389 Directory Server memberOf Plugin

Configure the 389 Directory Server memberOf plug-in for member and uniqueMember groups, nested membership, scopes, fixup tasks, and replication.

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

Disable, Reactivate, and Automatically Inactivate User Accounts in 389 Directory Server

Disable and reactivate LDAP user accounts in 389 Directory Server with dsidm account lock, nsAccountLock, role lock, and the Account Policy plug-in for lastLoginTime tracking and automatic inactivity enforcement.

Deepak Prasad18 min read
system-administration

Enable and Verify FIPS Mode in 389 Directory Server

Prepare a FIPS-enabled host, enable NSS FIPS mode for 389 Directory Server, audit cryptographic compatibility, verify TLS and LDAP, and plan rollback.

Deepak Prasad21 min read
system-administration

Configure Client Certificate Authentication in 389 Directory Server

Configure client certificate authentication in 389 Directory Server with certmap.conf, trust the client CA, test SASL EXTERNAL over LDAPS and STARTTLS, and verify userCertificate matching.

Deepak Prasad17 min read
system-administration

Manage, Renew, and Back Up 389 Directory Server Certificates

Inventory, renew, replace, back up, and restore 389 Directory Server TLS certificates in the instance NSS database after LDAPS and STARTTLS are already enabled.

Deepak Prasad27 min read
system-administration

Require Secure LDAP Connections with TLS and SSF in 389 Directory Server

Reject insecure LDAP simple binds in 389 Directory Server, enforce a minimum SSF, preserve root DSE and LDAPI access, and verify allowed connections.

Deepak Prasad17 min read
system-administration

Advanced 389 Directory Server ACI Targets and Bind Rules

Configure advanced 389 Directory Server ACIs with targetfilter, targattrfilters, target_from and target_to, userattr, groupdn filters, IP and DNS rules, SSF, time limits, and Boolean bind expressions.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

389 Directory Server ACI Configuration with Practical Examples

Learn 389 Directory Server ACI syntax, placement, and access rights with ldapmodify examples for userdn and groupdn read, write, add, and delete permissions plus troubleshooting.

Deepak Prasad19 min read
system-administration

Create Delegated Administrators with 389 Directory Server ACIs

Delegate 389 Directory Server administration with groupdn ACIs for read-only, help-desk, user, group, and department roles without sharing Directory Manager credentials.

Deepak Prasad25 min read
system-administration

Encrypt Sensitive Attributes in 389 Directory Server

Enable per-backend attribute encryption in 389 Directory Server with dsconf backend attr-encrypt, export and reimport with dsctl ldif2db --encrypted, verify LDAP access, and plan certificate and replication dependencies.

Deepak Prasad12 min read
system-administration

Configure Read-only Databases and Instances in 389 Directory Server

Enable and disable backend and instance read-only mode in 389 Directory Server with dsconf, verify LDAP result code 53 on writes, recover from dse.ldif, and avoid replication mistakes.

Deepak Prasad8 min read
system-administration

Configure LDAP Referrals in 389 Directory Server

Configure default, smart, suffix, and replication LDAP referrals in 389 Directory Server with dsconf, ldapmodify, client tests, security notes, and cleanup.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
system-administration

Configure Class of Service (CoS) in 389 Directory Server

Configure pointer, indirect, and classic Class of Service (CoS) in 389 Directory Server with tested LDIF examples, qualifiers, verification, and cleanup.

Deepak Prasad17 min read
system-administration

Run a 389 Directory Server Instance as a Non-root User

Prepare a custom Directory Server root with dscreate ds-root, add administration wrapper scripts to PATH, create an unprivileged ldap-dev instance on ports above 1024, and manage it with user-specific dsctl commands.

Deepak Prasad12 min read
system-administration

389 Directory Server Architecture and Core Concepts

Understand 389 Directory Server architecture, including instances, ns-slapd, suffixes, backends, LMDB databases, schema, plug-ins, configuration, and replication.

Deepak Prasad14 min read
system-administration

OpenLDAP vs 389 Directory Server: Key Differences

Compare OpenLDAP and 389 Directory Server across installation, administration, access control, replication, plugins, performance, migration, and use cases.

Deepak Prasad20 min read
system-administration

OpenLDAP vs Active Directory: Complete Comparison Guide

OpenLDAP vs Active Directory in plain language: LDAP protocol vs directory services, OpenLDAP vs LDAPS, Samba AD vs Microsoft AD, cost, GPO, Kerberos, Linux integration, and when to choose each.

Deepak Prasad14 min read
linux

Install & Configure FreeIPA Server in RHEL/CentOS 8

steps to install and configure freeipa server in rhel 8 the packages necessary for installing an Identity Management server are shipped with IDM server module

Deepak Prasad16 min read
linux

How to Create a Man Page in Linux with Groff

Create a Linux man page with a reusable groff template. Learn man sections, macros, local preview, system and user installation, mandb, whatis, and troubleshooting.

Deepak Prasad16 min read
linux

TTY vs PTY vs PTS in Linux: /dev/tty and /dev/pts Explained

Understand TTY, PTY and PTS in Linux, including /dev/tty, /dev/pts, controlling terminals, terminal emulators, SSH, tmux, and practical commands.

Deepak Prasad13 min read
linux

Create Anaconda updates.img and Use inst.updates on RHEL 8–10

Create Anaconda updates.img on RHEL 8–10, embed it in boot media with mkksiso, load it with inst.updates, and verify the installer overlay.

Deepak Prasad11 min read
linux

Install and Configure TigerVNC Server on RHEL 8/9

Install and configure TigerVNC Server on RHEL 8 and 9, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, and CentOS Stream using user mappings, systemd, GNOME, firewalld, and secure VNC connections.

Deepak Prasad15 min read
linux

Rolling Release vs Fixed Release Linux: Differences, Risks and Use Cases

Compare rolling-release and fixed-release Linux distributions by package freshness, stability, update frequency, upgrade risk, maintenance effort, support lifecycle and desktop or server use cases.

Deepak Prasad13 min read
linux

SSH Port Forwarding on RHEL, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, CentOS Stream and Oracle Linux

Configure local, remote and dynamic SSH port forwarding on RHEL 8–10, Rocky Linux, AlmaLinux, CentOS Stream and Oracle Linux.

Deepak Prasad12 min read