Convert Degrees to Radians in JavaScript

Learn how to convert degrees to radians in JavaScript with a custom helper function, Math.PI, and positive or negative angles.

Published

Updated

Read time 2 min read

Reviewed byDeepak Prasad

Convert Degrees to Radians in JavaScript

JavaScript does not have a built-in Math.toRadians() method, so the usual solution is a small helper function. This is a common conversion when you work with geometry, canvas calculations, animation, or trigonometry.

The formula is simple: degrees multiplied by Math.PI / 180. If you later need the reverse direction, that is the same family of angle conversion problems and related math helpers.

Tested on: Node.js v20.18.2. A short note after each runnable snippet describes what you should see in the console.


Method 1: Convert degrees to radians with a helper function

Dial diagram mapping common degree marks to radian equivalents on a circle

The helper function multiplies the degree value by Math.PI / 180.

javascript
function degreesToRadians(degrees) {
  return degrees * (Math.PI / 180);
}

console.log("to-radians:", degreesToRadians(180));
Output

You should see one line logging to-radians: 3.141592653589793.

Use this when you need a direct conversion for trigonometry or graphics math.


Method 2: Coterminal degrees in [0, 360) before converting

javascript
function degreesToRadiansNormalized(degrees) {
  const d = ((degrees % 360) + 360) % 360;
  return d * (Math.PI / 180);
}

console.log("to-radians-normalized-neg90:", degreesToRadiansNormalized(-90));
Output

You should see one line logging to-radians-normalized-neg90: 4.71238898038469.

That value is 3π/2 radians (equivalent to -90° for sin / cos). For many graphics APIs you instead keep the signed radians from Method 1; pick one convention and use it consistently.


Method 3: Use the conversion in trigonometric code

Most trigonometric functions expect radians, so the helper is the bridge between user-friendly degrees and computation.

javascript
const radians = 45 * (Math.PI / 180);
console.log("to-radians-cos:", Math.cos(radians).toFixed(2));
Output

You should see one line logging to-radians-cos: 0.71.

This is the version to reuse anywhere you need to convert degrees before calling a trig function.


Summary

JavaScript does not provide Math.toRadians(), so you usually build a small helper with degrees * (Math.PI / 180). Use Method 2’s double modulo when you need degrees wrapped to [0, 360) before converting; otherwise the direct product is enough for correct sin / cos / tan results on signed angles.


Official documentation

Olorunfemi Akinlua

Boasting over five years of experience in JavaScript, specializing in technical content writing and UX design. With a keen focus on programming languages, he crafts compelling content and designs …